1118 2015 紀念 Peter Drucker (杜拉克)博士 (2015) 《旁觀者》
2015 紀念杜拉 Peter Drucker 克博士
日期：11月18日(周三)，10：00~ 13：00
地址：台北市新生南路三段88號2樓
電話：（02） 2365012
前言：
我從10月14日在"漢清講堂"上談【Deming and Drucker at GBA/NYU：A Friendship】起，就有意思將它寫成書，成立、c新設blog：http://ddhcc.blogspot.com/
所以決定在其生日的前一天，即11月18日上午舉辦紀念Peter Drucker的討論會。
敬弔 現代經營學、社會觀察大師 Peter Drucker
我在1990-91年教東海化工系，就是用Peter Drucker的『管理學』（Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices [Peter F. Drucker]，台灣1973約有三種翻譯），那時版權在聯經，現在天下將它分成3本書出版：博客來-杜拉克：管理的使命......。不過，我也讀過，有人說『管理學』也只是泛泛之言而已。
11月6號的新聞：NYU 的校園內挖掘出200年前的教堂墓間：
Two centuries-old burial vaults discovered beneath a street in the heart of NYU's campus by workers replacing a water main were likely part of a Presbyterian church cemetery, archaeologist says.
由於會討論 Peter Drucker 的回憶錄《旁觀者》，所以特別找曹永洋等學長參加，他過去四十多年很重視傳記的書寫。另外，戴久永老師、陳忠信先生都是本次討論的專家。
在日本產業和管理學方面的討論，多加入朱蘭博士J. M. Juran的成就和重要著作說明。這讓討論有時有3位明星： Peter Drucker 等人談日本的產業復興的外力，一定Deming和Juran並舉。
本書 At Any Cost: Jack Welch, General Electric, and the Pursuit of Profit By Thomas F. O'Boyle， 1998年初版，書名意思是Jack Welch 把他在中學時"不惜一切代價追求贏 (Win- At-All-Cost)心態帶入企業界。 (p.69) 它說明20世紀90年代GE的CEO，Jack Welch，他的一心追求的財務上短視績效，只是美國崇拜華爾街心態下應運而生的"假"英雄.....。
由本書的索引中的Peter Drucker和W. Edwards Deming，我們很可以知道作者如何利用這兩位管理學理論大師的基礎來寫他的史詩。第69頁以Drucker 著名的企業三問，導入Welch先生學自Bendix公司企畫長致Fortune 的信，發展出"本公司所有的事業部都必須是業界的第一名或第二名，才可以在本公司有立足之地。"的哲學。
頁373-74 頁更以Drucker 在1946年的【公司的概念】說，現代通用企車公司的開創者Alfred P. Sloan, Jr.，雖然將公司的汽車的美國市場佔有率提升到48% (約40年代末)，集團之經營極客觀、有效、就事論事，不過GM是一家"沒有靈魂的公司" (參考Sloan 著的【我在通用汽車公司的日子】)。
Drucker 的另外一位企業英雄是創IBM的Thomas J. Watson Sr (他大Sloan一歲)。Sloan建立的是大而分權的企業，不過Watson 十年之後所建立的IBM，更尊重員工個人，創立Drucker夢寐以求的"全廠共同體" (plant community，如公司俱樂部等)，對於要求尊守高商業道德標準等等，都是日本公司戰後學習的楷模--這是日本的友人告訴他的。(頁240-41)
本書也介紹Deming的經營管理的十四要點等，來針貶GE公司的經營---在Jack Welch的前任，60~80年代，GE的人，讓Drucker選為"專業知識工作者的代表。記W. Edwards Deming是作者當WSJ的記者時訪問Dr. Deming的。
討論子題：
1. 杜拉克的成就與他跟2所大學的關係：紐約大學商學研究所 GBA/NYU：Claremont Graduate University、 Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management)
2. 目標管理制 (MBO) 的功過
3. 日本作為文化、社會與產業的參考點
4. 討論 Peter Drucker的回憶錄 《旁觀者》與《不連續的時代》
議題展開說明：
1. 杜拉克的成就與他跟2所大學的關係：紐約大學商學研究所 GBA/NYU；SternBusiness的懷念；1971：Claremont Graduate University (then known as Claremont Graduate School)、1987起： Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management)
歐洲教養：維也納；倫敦
大學入試考拉丁文、希臘文、數學、物理以及一點歷史。
他決定不進大學，認為4年專心讀書是浪費時間 (他父親沒認為他是中輟生drop-out)，所以走半工半讀。當時學制有彈性，法學博士是為培養公務員而不是大學的教師。Drucker因此在22歲就取得博士，也完成教師2篇論文。
一生偏袒半工半讀者，因為他們是真心追求、學習。
他一生看過許許多多維也納人.....括號內為Adventures of a Bystander
講Peter Drucker 年輕時的歐洲教養：維也納，可參考的間接時代氛圍的書：
茨威格Stefa Zweign 《昨日的世界》The World of Yesterday
Schnitzler archive； Peter Gay 《史尼茨勒的世紀》《現代主義》
《世紀末的維也納》 Fin-De-Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culure作者：卡爾‧休斯克/著。
Oskar Kokoschka 柯克西卡；
《沒有個性的人》 By Robert Musil (維也納的Republic Day，4.30 的自動示威集會是所有專制者學習對象)
兩本《佛洛伊德傳》By Peter Gay、Sigmund Freud、Ernest Jones。 (醫病人或藝術批評)
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The Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1914.
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| Capital | Vienna (main capital)[1] and Budapest | |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary was one of the Central Powers in World War I. It was already effectively dissolved by the time the military authorities signed an armistice at Villa Giusti on 3 November 1918. The Hungarian Kingdom and the Austrian Republic were treated as its successors de jure, while the independence of the West Slavs and South Slavs of the Empire as the Czechoslovak Republic, the Republic of Poland andKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, respectively, was also recognized by the victorious powers.
Books by Drucker[edit]
- 1939: The End of Economic Man (New York: The John Day Company)
- 1942: The Future of Industrial Man (New York: The John Day Company)
- 1946: Concept of the Corporation (New York: The John Day Company)
- 1950: The New Society (New York: Harper & Brothers)
- 1954: The Practice of Management (New York: Harper & Brothers)
- 1957: America's Next Twenty Years (New York: Harper & Brothers)
- 1959: Landmarks of Tomorrow (New York: Harper & Brothers)
- 1964: Managing for Results (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1967: The Effective Executive (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1969: The Age of Discontinuity (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1970: Technology, Management and Society (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1971: The New Markets and Other Essays (London: William Heinemann Ltd.)
- 1971: Men, Ideas and Politics (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1971: Drucker on Management (London: Management Publications Limited)
- 1973: Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices' (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1976: The Unseen Revolution: How Pension Fund Socialism Came to America (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1977: People and Performance: The Best of Peter Drucker on Management (New York: Harper's College Press)
- 1978: Adventures of a Bystander (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1980: Managing in Turbulent Times (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1981: Toward the Next Economics and Other Essays (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1982: The Changing World of Executive (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1982: The Last of All Possible Worlds (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1984: The Temptation to Do Good (London: William Heinemann Ltd.)
- 1985: Innovation and Entrepreneurship (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1986: The Frontiers of Management: Where Tomorrow's Decisions are Being Shaped Today (New York: Truman Talley Books/E.D. Dutton)
- 1989: The New Realities: in Government and Politics, in Economics and Business, in Society and World View (New York: Harper & Row)
- 1990: Managing the Nonprofit Organization: Practices and Principles (New York: Harper Collins)
- 1992: Managing for the Future (New York: Harper Collins)
- 1993: The Ecological Vision (New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Publishers)
- 1993: Post-Capitalist Society (New York: HarperCollins)
- 1995: Managing in a Time of Great Change (New York: Truman Talley Books/Dutton)
- 1997: Drucker on Asia: A Dialogue between Peter Drucker and Isao Nakauchi (Tokyo: Diamond Inc.)
- 1998: Peter Drucker on the Profession of Management (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing)
- 1999: Management Challenges for 21st Century (New York: Harper Business)
- 1999: Managing Oneself (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing) [published 2008 from article in Harvard Business Review]
- 2001: The Essential Drucker (New York: Harper Business)
- 2002: Managing in the Next Society (New York: Truman Talley Books/St. Martin’s Press)
- 2002: A Functioning Society (New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Publishers)
- 2004: The Daily Drucker (New York: Harper Business)
- 2008 (posthumous): The Five Most Important Questions (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass)
2. 目標管理制 (MBO) 的功過
Peter Drucker's Winning Team - Businessweek - Bloomberg
www.bloomberg.com/.../peter-druckers-winning-teambusinessweek-busi...
Apr 10, 2008 - So Bavasi called Drucker to seek his counsel, and there began a relationship thatFormer Cleveland Indians President Peter Bavasi on what ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb-Xt662-3E
Apr 7, 2009 - Uploaded by DruckerInst
Former Cleveland Indians President Peter Bavasi on what he learned from Drucker. The Drucker Institute
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by results (MBR), is a process of defining objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they need to do in the organization in order to achieve them. The term "management by objectives" was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management.[1]
The essence of MBO is participative goal setting, choosing course of actions and decision making. An important part of the MBO is the measurement and the comparison of the employee’s actual performance with the standards set. Ideally, when employees themselves have been involved with the goal setting and choosing the course of action to be followed by them, they are more likely to fulfill their responsibilities.
According to George S. Odiorne, the system of management by objectives can be described as a process whereby the superior and subordinate jointly identify its common goals, define each individual's major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of him, and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the contribution of each of its members.[2]
Contents
[hide]Arguments against[edit]
MBO has its detractors and attention notably among them W. Edwards Deming, who argued that a lack of understanding of systems commonly results in the misapplication of objectives.[3] Additionally, Deming stated that setting production targets will encourage workers to meet those targets through whatever means necessary, which usually results in poor quality.[4]
Point 7 of Deming's key principles encourages managers to abandon objectives in favour of leadership because he felt that a leader with an understanding of systems was more likely to guide workers to an appropriate solution than the incentive of an objective. Deming also pointed out that Drucker warned managers that a systemic view was required [5] and felt that Drucker's warning went largely unheeded by the practitioners of MBO.
東芝是核電的供應商福島電廠和台灣的核電廠都有使用東芝的設備東芝，曾經是國民口中最棒的日本品牌之一，現在卻深陷一樁跨時七年的財務醜聞案。
今年九月東芝向公眾表明，在過去七年虛假誇大收益情況，比實際收益高出 2248 億日元（約合 19 億美元），這一金額是這樁醜聞案被調查之初預計金額的四倍多。同天公佈的賬目顯示，電器和工程集團淨虧損 378 億日元，與去年淨利潤為 602 億日元形成強烈的反差。公司已經調低（write down) 了多個業務部門的財務數據，這些部門包括核電廠和半導體和家用電器部門。東芝財務年結束於每年三月份，財務問題在今年四月被發現。自四月份以來，公司股票一落千丈，不到五個月的時間市值跌掉了 30%。 日本史上最大的公司醜聞之一：東芝財務醜聞案東芝財務醜聞案成為日本最大的公司醜聞案之一，就在四年前，日本相機和醫療器械製造商奧林巴斯被發現誇大投資收益 15 億美金。東芝稱，財務造假的原因是管理人員設置過高的盈利目標致使下屬在無法達標的壓力之下謊報和隱瞞數據，特別是 CEO 給下屬設置了無法達到的銷售目標。
現任 CEO 田中九雄，東芝前任 CEO 西田厚聰（2005-2009），現任公司顧問，另一位前任 CEO 佐佐木則夫，現任董事會副主席，三人引咎辭職。一同辭職的還有 16 位董事會成員。董事會任命資生堂高級顧問前田真三為 CEO。
日本內閣官房長官菅義偉表示，日本政府會非常嚴格和嚴肅地調查東芝案。
（轉載自合作夥伴
《36kr》，原標：日本史上最大的公司醜聞之一：東芝財務醜聞案）范范范宇萌 • 2015/09/08 17:08 http://36kr.com/p/5037186.html
3.1 日本產業和管理學方面的討論，多加入朱蘭博士J. M. Juran，成為討論的3明星： Peter Drucker 等人談日本的產業復興的外力，一定Deming和Juran並舉。
W. Edwards Deming的"日本論"，他獨特的日本繪畫論。更集中注意力談 Peter Drucker的著作於
李國偉 至 數學與藝術 Math and Art
19月2日曾經跟大家分享「切個貝果也可以有數學！」，而且也說過「這種切法跟牛尾啟三（Keizo Ushio）的石雕道理相通。」但是最近看了Carlo Séquin教授的解說，才知道牛尾較早發現這個結構。假如用更多刀片旋轉切貝果，會切出什麼形狀呢？請Séquin秀給你看。
Topology of a Twisted Torus - Numberphile
Featuring Professor Carlo Séquin - see more from him at:http://bit.ly/carlosequin More on this topic soon... Animation by Pete McPartlan: http…
YOUTUBE.COM
4. 討論 Peter Drucker 的3本書：
1.回憶錄 《旁觀者》Adventures of A Bystander By Peter Drucker 旁觀者－管理大...
2.《不連續的時代》The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changi...
3.The Essential Drucker: The Best of Sixty Years of Peter Drucker's Essential Writings on Management The Essential Drucker: The Best of Sixty Years of ...
《旁觀者》是 Peter Drucker 最心愛的書，約一年之內就一氣呵成。《不連續的時代》是他好有認為最好的書。
《旁觀者》的群英錄都很獨特，翻翻Polanyi一家，對老Polanyi的教育讚嘆。我對最小的兒子Michael Pplanyi有些研究，可Drucker說他最有名的著作是：Beyond Nihilism By M Polanyi，當時我還沒讀過，慚愧。
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